Abnormal uterine bleeding or Period-related problems present a departure from the norm in menstrual patterns. It can manifest as heavier bleeding, prolonged periods, or irregular cycles. While menstrual cycles naturally vary, experiencing disruptive bleeding warrants attention as it may hint at underlying medical concerns.

Key Facts:

• Irregular uterine bleeding is a prevalent issue among women in their childbearing years. It typically manifests at the onset and conclusion of the reproductive phase, with approximately 20% of instances affecting adolescent girls and over 50% impacting women aged 45 and above.

Spotting the Signs

• Heavy menstrual flow.
• Bleeding between periods or after intercourse.
• Extended periods lasting over seven days.
• Irregular menstrual cycles.

Some Common Causes

Menstruation is a natural part of life. However, period-related problems can often disrupt daily routines and impact overall well-being. From painful cramps to irregular cycles, understanding these issues is crucial for effective management and improved quality of life. Let's explore common period-related problems and strategies for coping with them.

• Painful Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea): Menstrual cramps, medically known as dysmenorrhea, can range from mild discomfort to debilitating pain. These cramps occur due to the contraction of the uterus as it sheds its lining.
• Irregular Menstrual Cycles: Irregular menstrual cycles, characterized by variations in cycle length or skipped periods, can be caused by various factors, including stress, hormonal imbalances, or underlying medical conditions.
• Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (Menorrhagia): Menorrhagia, or excessive menstrual bleeding, can lead to inconvenience, fatigue, and even anemia.
• Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): PMS and PMDD are characterized by emotional and physical symptoms that occur in the days leading up to menstruation. Symptoms can include mood swings, irritability, bloating, and fatigue.
• Amenorrhea: Amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation, which can be either primary (never having menstruated) or secondary (sudden cessation of menstruation). Causes of amenorrhea may include pregnancy, hormonal imbalances, excessive exercise, or medical conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disorders.

Risk factors

Several risk factors can contribute to the development of abnormal uterine bleeding. These include:

• Age: The risk is higher in adolescents and women over 45.
• Obesity: The risk is higher in women who are overweight or obese.
• Medication: Women who take blood thinners, anti-inflammatory medications, or cancer medications are at a higher risk.

Diagnosis and Evaluation

When diagnosing abnormal uterine bleeding, healthcare professionals consider:

• Menstrual Cycle Regularity: Consistency in cycle lengths, typically every 21 to 35 days.
• Duration of Bleeding: Normal periods last 4 to 5 days; deviations may signify issues.
• Menstrual Flow Volume: Excessive bleeding, needing frequent pad changes.
• Presence of Spotting: Bleeding outside regular cycles, after intercourse, or between periods.

Abnormal uterine bleeding is typically suspected when bleeding occurs at irregular intervals or is excessively heavy.

Diagnosis

Imaging tests and procedures, including transvaginal ultrasonography, are commonly employed to evaluate abnormal uterine bleeding and potential underlying causes.

Transvaginal ultrasonography utilizes a small handheld device inserted into the vagina to visualize the interior of the uterus, aiding in the detection of growth and thickening of the uterine lining. Thickening of the uterine lining may arise from benign conditions such as polyps or fibroids, hormonal fluctuations, or potentially precancerous changes associated with abnormal uterine bleeding.

Transvaginal ultrasonography is typically recommended for women exhibiting specific criteria, including:

• Presence of risk factors for endometrial cancer, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, polycystic ovary syndrome, or hirsutism, regardless of age.
• Age 45 or older (or younger if additional risk factors exist).
• Continued bleeding despite hormonal treatment.
• Inadequate assessment of pelvic or reproductive organs during physical examination.
• Suspected abnormalities in the ovaries or uterus based on physical examination findings.

This imaging modality can effectively identify polyps, fibroids, ovarian abnormalities, and areas of uterine lining thickening, potentially indicative of precancerous changes. If thickening is detected, further evaluation may involve sonohysterography (ultrasonography with saline infusion into the uterus) or hysteroscopy (insertion of a viewing tube into the uterus).

Endometrial biopsy is often performed concurrently to assess for precancerous or cancerous changes, especially in women meeting specific criteria such as age over 45, presence of multiple risk factors, persistent or recurrent bleeding, or inconclusive ultrasound findings.

Dr. Kaur inquired about the bleeding pattern during the menstrual history evaluation to confirm the abnormality. Further assessment involves investigating other symptoms and potential causes, including medication use, the presence of underlying disorders, fibroids, and complications during pregnancies. Additionally, a physical examination is conducted to aid in the diagnosis process.

Emotional Toll

Emotional connection to abnormal uterine bleeding or period-related problems is vital as it encompasses not only physical discomfort but also emotional distress. When facing issues like dysmenorrhea, irregular cycles, or menorrhagia, individuals often grapple with pain, fatigue, and disruptions to daily life. Moreover, conditions like PMS and PMDD can significantly impact mental well-being, leading to mood swings and irritability. Recognizing these emotional aspects is crucial for holistic care. Seeking medical support, such as a thorough evaluation by Dr. Kiranjeet Kaur, ensures tailored interventions to address the physical and emotional components of abnormal uterine bleeding, promoting overall health and well-being.

Living with abnormal uterine bleeding

Living with abnormal uterine bleeding can have adverse effects on your daily life. The unpredictability of bleeding onset can lead to constant anxiety, while heavy menstrual flow may restrict your regular activities and, in severe cases, confine you to your home during menstruation. It's crucial not to overlook these symptoms and seek medical advice promptly.

Seeking Medical Support

Addressing Abnormal Uterine Bleeding:

• Medical Evaluation: A thorough assessment, including medical history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests.
• Treatment Options: Tailored interventions based on the underlying cause, ranging from hormonal therapies to surgical procedures.

In conclusion, abnormal uterine bleeding should not be brushed aside as a mere inconvenience. If you're experiencing disruptions, don't hesitate to consult Dr. Kiranjeet Kaur.

Early intervention can pave the way for symptom relief and enhanced overall health.